Stigmatized by Allies: The Paradox of Those Who Express Support for Sexual Minorities While Refusing Proximity to Them
Abstract
Currently, the mainstream narrative focuses on stigmatized groups, and assumes that when acceptance and inclusion of those groups occurs, they happen simultaneously. This assumption, however, hides potential differences within accepting populations. It may neglect attention to those who, for instance, express acceptance of the stigmatized but are not ready to include them unequivocally into social life. This dissertation is dedicated to this phenomenon. More specifically, using heterosexism as a case study, it investigates individuals who express attitudinal support for sexual minorities but refuse neighborhood proximity to them. Results of three empirical studies suggest extreme social and value similarities between those who express heightened homophobia and these superficial allies. Further, the national legal context and the inclusive climate of an organization play an essential role in mitigating superficial allyship. Theoretical and practical implications as well as future research opportunities are discussed.