Building a large, reliable, equitable network in a short time presents challenges of scale, reliability, and resiliency. One possible way to address these challenges is to combine light-and heavy-duty vehicle charging and fueling infrastructure, given the overlap of these vehicles’ travel patterns and of the respective charging and fueling technologies used. We investigated how this strategy could support robust charging and refueling networks for projected ZEV growth. To that end, we developed a “conservative” and an “optimistic” scenario to simulate charging and hydrogen fueling station deployment across California for 2025, 2035, and 2045.
