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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (5 results)

  • Article
  • Peer Reviewed
nineteen sixty nine: an ethnic studies journal, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2013)
    Cover page: This Too Shall Pass and Be Still Empty Moon
    • Article
    Latin American and Caribbean Law and Economics Association (ALACDE) Annual Papers (2008)

    This paper has as main purpose to demonstrate that the economic analysis of law constitutes an objective, efficient and effective tool to the design and valuation of norms. Through the economic analysis of the proposed LP Gas Regulation, we intend to exemplify how a proposition that, in principle, is legally justified and aimed to achieve certain objectives, but economically can raise some issues. In the present analysis are used economic tools such as the identification of incentives for the recipients of the norm, game theory and cost-benefit analysis, in order to conclude that the proposed regulation, far from solving the existent problem with LP Gas, makes it larger and more complex, creating perverse incentives in the recipients of the norm.

      Cover page: EL ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICO DEL DERECHO COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA EL DISEÑO NORMATIVO LA PROPUESTA DE REGLAMENTO DEL GAS L P.
      • Article
      Latin American and Caribbean Law and Economics Association (ALACDE) Annual Papers (2009)

      The main objective of the 2002 constitutional reform to article 113 of CPEUM was to settle the bases of a State’s patrimonial responsibility system that would improve the quality of the Public Administration. However, nowadays that reform is practically dead letter. The Supreme Court of the Nation (SCJN) discussed in plenary sessions on January 28th, 29th and February 7th, 2008, the Judicial Review 4/2004 promoted by Deputies of the Third Legislature of the Assembly of Representatives. The Deputies denounced the invalidity of the articles 389, 391, 392 of the Financial Code of the Federal District, that regulate the objective responsibility of the authorities of the Federal District and the procedure to demand the repair of damages. The SCJN established in its resolution a new criterion for the interpretation of the patrimonial responsibility of the State stated in article 113 of the Constitution. The proposed criterion of interpretation indicates the scope of application of the patrimonial responsibility of the State in the country, and determines the minimum requirements to fulfill it. This interpretation generates different incentives on agents ruled by the norm. In order to analyze the new scheme, this paper uses the economic model of torts. The model is applied to each one of the rules of responsibility and the incentives they generate for the receiving agents of this standardization. Once studied these rules, and the incentives generated by them, we conclude that by establishing the standard regulated by the norms applied to the of public administration activity, the criterion of interpretation proposed by the SCJN establishes the bases to eliminate the perverse incentives previously generated by the rule of strict patrimonial responsibility. By this means the paper pretends to preset some considerations that may be helpful to get an effective and efficient system of State’s patrimonial responsibility in Mexico, with the porpoise that new or local legislations on the matter, could suitably regulate it in the light of the criteria seated by the Court.

        Cover page: El Fortalecimiento del Poder Judicial en las nuevas democracias: Análisis del Caso de la Interpretación de la Responsabilidad Patrimonial del Estado Por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación de México
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2014)

        Background

        A noninvasive method of monitoring the loss of islet cells can provide an earlier and improved diagnosis for therapeutics development of preclinical phases of diabetes. The use of [(18)F]fallypride, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor radiotracer, has been developed as a surrogate marker to evaluate loss of pancreatic islet cells in a rodent model of type 1 diabetes.

        Materials and methods

        Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were administered [(18)F]fallypride and imaged for 2 h in a positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan. Diabetes was then induced in the same rats by administration of streptozotocin, and a PET/CT scan was performed 4 days after establishing diabetes. Pancreata of a separate set of rats were evaluated by insulin immunostaining for loss of islet cells by streptozotocin.

        Results

        Blood glucose levels of 125 mg/dL and 550 mg/dL were established for those rats without and with diabetes, respectively. [(18)F]Fallypride uptake in the pancreas of both groups of rats was rapid, but the rats with diabetes showed a significantly lower uptake (less than 50%). The specific binding ratio was decreased by 77% in the diabetic rats.

        Conclusions

        [(18)F]Fallypride can be a useful surrogate marker for monitoring changes in pancreatic islet cells, thus providing a noninvasive method to evaluate efficacy of therapeutics.
          Cover page: Imaging Pancreas in Healthy and Diabetic Rodent Model Using [18F]Fallypride Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2008)
          BACKGROUND: Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2), commonly known as steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) in humans, is a key ligand-dependent transcription factor responsible for the regulation of xenobiotic, steroid, and bile acid metabolism. The ligand-binding domain is principally responsible for species-specific activation of NR1I2 in response to xenobiotic exposure. OBJECTIVES: Our objective in this study was to create a common framework for screening NR1I2 orthologs from a variety of model species against environmentally relevant xenobiotics and to evaluate the results in light of using these species as predictors of xenobiotic disposition and for assessment of environmental health risk. METHODS: Sixteen chimeric fusion plasmid vectors expressing the Gal4 DNA-binding domain and species-specific NR1I2 ligand-binding domain were screened for activation against a spectrum of 27 xenobiotic compounds using a standardized cotransfection receptor activation assay. RESULTS: NR1I2 orthologs were activated by various ligands in a dose-dependent manner. Closely related species show broadly similar patterns of activation; however, considerable variation to individual compounds exists, even among species varying in only a few amino acid residues. CONCLUSIONS: Interspecies variation in NR1I2 activation by various ligands can be screened through the use of in vitro NR1I2 activation assays and should be taken into account when choosing appropriate animal models for assessing environmental health risk.
            Cover page: Activation of Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor (SXR, NR1I2) and Its Orthologs in Laboratory, Toxicologic, and Genome Model Species
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