It is difficult to find research concentrating on second language acquisition by older adults, since most studies differentiate only between children and adults, accepting puberty as the division between the two language learning stages. In an effort to locate studies on the older adult second language learner, one online and three compact disk databases were searched, using search strategies and subject headings appropriate to each particular file.
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is to encourage “productive and enjoyable harmony” between humans and their environment, and to encourage wise, i.e., sustainable, decisions. The CEQ implementing regulations require early involvement to “insure planning and decisions reflect environmental values; avoid delays later in the process; and head off potential conflicts.” Additional benefits of early involvement as well as the consequences and symptoms of late involvement are discussed. Based upon EPA Region 10’s experience, the attributes of early involvement are outreach; integration of land use planning, transportation planning, and environmental review; revised/standardized guidance for elements of the NEPA EIS process and other topics; programmatic procedures for legal compliance where appropriate; advance planning for compensatory habitat mitigation; and adoption of an Environmental Management System for construction, operation, and maintenance of transportation infrastructure. The Oregon “Collaborative Environmental and Transportation Agreement on Streamlining” (CETAS) process is highlighted as an example that embodies all six attributes.
Epiphytes contribute significantly to the biomass of forest canopies; however, in the tropics, epiphytes have been greatly understudied. This study seeks to better understand the effects of forest edge on the distribution of epiphytes as well as describe general characteristics of epiphytic communities on Inocarpus fagifer in Mo'orea, French Polynesia. It was found that species richness was relatively similar throughout the study site. While there was no significant difference between locality on buttress root or trunk of the host tree, moss communities in particular were significantly affected by distance from forest edge and proximity to perennial streams. Ferns were found to be somewhat correlated with their proximity to streams while liverworts and lichens were not greatly affected. Overall, location of epiphyte communities relative to edge or at different heights on the host tree did not play a large role in the establishment of epiphytes.
No functional interpretation is offered here. The occurrence of two painted stones from two different sites some 13.7 km. apart suggests more may have existed in the interval. Both were found in an area attributed to the McCloud Wintu (DuBois 1935: 6) and they may represent a localized trait of this dialectal subgroup whose prehistoric territory is now largely under the waters of Shasta Lake.
From Becoming Home: Diaspora and the Anglophone Transnational edited by Jude V. Nixon and Maria Concetta Constantini. © 2022 by Vernon Press. Used by permission of the publisher. Publisher website: https://vernonpress.com/book/1365
