In 1993 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced ENERGY STAR (registered trademark), a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products. Since then EPA, now in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), has introduced programs for more than twenty products, spanning office equipment, residential heating and cooling equipment, new homes, commercial and residential lighting, home electronics, and major appliances. We present potential energy, dollar and carbon savings forecasts for these programs for the period 1998 to 2010. Our target market penetration case represents our best estimate of future ENERGY STAR savings. It is based on realistic market penetration goals for each of the products. We also provide results under the assumption of 100 market penetration; that is, we assume that all purchasers buy ENERGY STAR-compliant products instead of standard efficiency products throughout the analysis period. Finally, we assess the sensitivity of our target penetration case forecasts to greater or lesser marketing success by EPA and DOE, lower-than-expected future energy prices, and higher or lower rates of carbon emission by electricity generators. The potential savings of ENERGY STAR are substantial. If all purchasers chose Energy Star-compliant products instead of standard efficiency products over the next 15 years, they would save more than 100 billion on their energy bills during those 15 years. (Bill savings are in 1995 dollars, discounted at a 4 real discount rate.)

ENERGY STAR(R) is a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products, buildings and practices. Operated jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), ENERGY STAR labels exist for more than thirty products, spanning office equipment, residential heating and cooling equipment, commercial and residential lighting, home electronics, and major appliances. This report presents savings estimates for a subset of ENERGY STAR labeled products. We present estimates of the energy, dollar and carbon savings achieved by the program in the year 2003, what we expect in 2004, and provide savings forecasts for two market penetration scenarios for the periods 2004 to 2010 and 2004 to 2020. The target market penetration forecast represents our best estimate of future ENERGY STAR savings. It is based on realistic market penetration goals for each of the products. We also provide a forecast under the assumption of 100 percent market penetration; that is, we assume that all purchasers buy ENERGY STAR-compliant products instead of standard efficiency products throughout the analysis period.

External power adapters may lose 10 to 70 percent of the energy they consume, dissipated as heat rather than converted into useful energy. Battery charging systems have more avenues for losses: in addition to power conversion losses, power is consumed by the charging circuitry, and additional power may be needed after the battery is full charged to balance self-discharge. In 2005, the Environmental Protection Agency launched a new ENERGY STAR(R) label for external power supplies (EPSs) that convert line-voltage AC electricity into low-voltage DC electricity for certain electronic devices. The specification included power supplies for products with battery charging functions (e.g. laptops and cell phones), but excluded others. In January 2006, a separate specification was issued for battery charging systems contained primarily in small household appliances and power tools. In addition to the ENERGY STAR(R) label, the state of California will implement minimum energy performance standards for EPSs in 2007, and similar standards for EPSs and battery chargers are in development at the national level.Many of the products covered by these policies use relatively little power and have modest per-unit savings potential compared to conventional energy efficiency targets. But with an estimated 1.5 billion adapters and 230 million battery charging systems in use in the United States, the aggregate savings potential is quite high. This paper presents estimates of the savings potential for external power adapters and battery charging systems through 2025.

ENERGY STAR(R) is a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products, buildings and practices. Operated jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), ENERGY STAR labels exist for more than thirty products, spanning office equipment, residential heating and cooling equipment, commercial and residential lighting, home electronics, and major appliances. This report presents savings estimates for a subset of ENERGY STAR program activities, focused primarily on labeled products. We present estimates of the energy, dollar and carbon savings achieved by the program in the year 2002, what we expect in 2003, and provide savings forecasts for two market penetration scenarios for the period 2003 to 2020. The target market penetration forecast represents our best estimate of future ENERGY STAR savings. It is based on realistic market penetration goals for each of the products. We also provide a forecast under the assumption of 100 percent market penetration; that is, we assume that all purchasers buy ENERGY STAR-compliant products instead of standard efficiency products throughout the analysis period.

ENERGY STAR(R) is a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products, buildings and practices. Operated jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Star labels exist for more than forty products, spanning office equipment, residential heating and cooling equipment, commercial and residential lighting, home electronics, and major appliances. This report presents savings estimates for a subset of ENERGY STAR labeled products. We present estimates of the energy, dollar and carbon savings achieved by the program in the year 2004, what we expect in 2005, and provide savings forecasts for two market penetration scenarios for the periods 2005 to 2010 and 2005 to 2020. The target market penetration forecast represents our best estimate of future ENERGY STAR savings. It is based on realistic market penetration goals for each of the products. We also provide a forecast under the assumption of 100 percent market penetration; that is, we assume that all purchasers buy ENERGY STAR-compliant products instead of standard efficiency products throughout the analysis period.

ENERGY STAR(R) is a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products, buildings and practices. Operated jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), ENERGY STAR labels exist for more than thirty products, spanning office equipment, residential heating and cooling equipment, commercial and residential lighting, home electronics, and major appliances. This report presents savings estimates for a subset of ENERGY STAR labeled products. We present estimates of the energy, dollar and carbon savings achieved by the program in the year 2005, what we expect in 2006, and provide savings forecasts for two market penetration scenarios for the periods 2006 to 2015 and 2006 to 2025. The target market penetration forecast represents our best estimate of future ENERGY STAR savings. It is based on realistic market penetration goals for each of the products. We also provide a forecast under the assumption of 100 percent market penetration; that is, we assume that all purchasers buy ENERGY STAR-compliant products instead of standard efficiency products throughout the analysis period.

ENERGY STAR(R) is a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products, buildings and practices. Operated jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), ENERGY STAR labels exist for more than thirty products, spanning office equipment, residential heating and cooling equipment, commercial and residential lighting, home electronics, and major appliances. This report presents savings estimates for a subset of ENERGY STAR labeled products. We present estimates of the energy, dollar and carbon savings achieved by the program in the year 2006, what we expect in 2007, and provide savings forecasts for two market penetration scenarios for the periods 2007 to 2015 and 2007 to 2025. The target market penetration forecast represents our best estimate of future ENERGY STAR savings. It is based on realistic market penetration goals for each of the products. We also provide a forecast under the assumption of 100 percent market penetration; that is, we assume that all purchasers buy ENERGY STAR-compliant products instead of standard efficiency products throughout the analysis period.