Computation is increasingly complex, and our languages, systems, and design practices are changing to meet that shifting reality. That shift comes also with new challenges in debugging and optimization. In this thesis, we demonstrate that by adopting performance-driven analysis and optimization around communication paradigms, we are able to facilitate the development process and improve the performance of the programs. Specifically, we show such improvements in improving the synchronization mechanism in Golang by Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM), analyzing the complex system within datacenter by Critical Path Analysis (CPA) of Remote Procedure Call (RPC), and optimizing programs by novel service of prediction at Operating System (OS) level.