Department of Anthropology

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

Abstract

Today’s world, characterized by networked agencies, global flows, cultural hybridity, andmovements of people within and across borders, contextualizes tourism in many ways. Paying close attention to the multiple translations and circulations of the concept of “tourism” across the globe, this symposium endeavors to elaborate both the spatial and temporal dimensions of the conceptual history of tourism. With this theme in mind, the symposium will deal with the following questions: How has the western concept of tourism (primarily Anglophone and French) traveled to non-Western contexts in Asia (including the Middle East), Africa, or South America, thereby imposing a discursive hegemony of a conceptual lexicon? Which native/local concepts of hospitality have been displaced by this conceptual globalization or have transformedit? Do newly emerging forms of tourism across the globe contribute to the intellectual discussion of the “decline of the West” and the “provincialization of Europe,” or they are just furtherexamples of westernization?

 Keywords: Tourism; theory; concepts; world anthropologies

This article analyzes the remarkable wave of metropolitan rebellions that inaugurated the 21st century around the world (2000-2016).  It argues that they fuel an emergent politics of city-making in which residents produce the city as a collective social and material product; in effect, a commons.  It focuses on the intersection of city-making, city-occupying, and rights-claiming that generates movements for insurgent urban citizenships.  It develops a critique of the so-called post-political in anthropological theory, analyzes recent urban uprisings in Brazil and Turkey, distinguishes between protest and insurgent movements, evaluates digital communication technologies as a new means to common the city, and suggests what urban citizenship brings to politics that the national does not.

This article considers an apparently perplexing aspect of democratization in Brazil: the use by notorious criminal gangs (comandos) from the poor urban peripheries and prisons of the discourses of democratic citizenship, justice, and rule of law to represent their own organizations and intentions. I situate this use within an unsettling development in Latin America generally during the last thirty years: the coincidence nearly everywhere of increasing political democracy and increasing everyday violence and injustice against citizens. My discussion considers these new territorializations of power and violence and their consequences for citizenship, democracy, and urbanization. To bring them to light, I focus on public pronouncements by Brazilian criminal gang that typically combine rationalities of crime with those of democracy, citizen rights, rule of law, and revolution. I also compare them with public declarations made by the police. I analyze both in relation to the historically dominant paradigm of Brazilian citizenship that democratization destabilizes. I then evaluate this destabilization with regard to the new kinds of violence and paradigms of insurgent citizenship that have emerged as characteristics of urbanization and democratization worldwide.

Metini Village: An Archaeological Study of Sustained Colonialism in Northern California synthesizes the results of over two decades of collaborative archaeological research carried out by UC Berkeley, the Kashia Band of Pomo Indians, and California State Parks at Fort Ross, California. This volume makes the case for an archaeology of colonialism that bridges studies of early colonial encounters with analysis of settler colonial relations. Featuring analysis of archaeological data, tribal histories, and ethnographic and historic sources related to Metini Village and related sites across the Kashia homelands, the volume documents the strategies the Kashia people used to negotiate two colonial programs over five decades. This study highlights how despite the onslaught of settler colonists into their territories and in the face of colonial violence, the Kashia maintained their relations within a broader indigenous landscape. The volume outlines a methodology for undertaking the study of sustained colonialism employing an innovative low-impact approach designed specifically to produce the least amount of disturbance to ancestral archaeological remains while obtaining substantial knowledge about Metini Village and other settlements under investigation.  The volume includes 158 pages of text, 76 figures, 16 tables, and 13 appendices. 

Recent advances in mission archaeology advocate for studies beyond the mission church and quadrangle in order to better understand their spatial organizations and how they were embedded within the landscapes of indigenous populations. This raises the question of how to implement such studies in areas impacted for years by urban development, which has made it difficult to detect archaeological remains using standard pedestrian-survey methods. This article advocates for the use of geophysical survey as part of the mix of field strategies. Archaeologists undertook fieldwork at Mission San Francisco Solano in Sonoma, California, to assess the potential of employing geophysical-survey methods in contexts characterized by extensive post-mission reuse. The results indicate that ground-penetrating radar and resistivity surveys are capable of detecting earlier mission architectural remains that can be differentiated from the remains of post-mission urban development from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Avances recientes en la arqueología de misiones abogan por estudios más allá de la iglesia y del patio interior de la misión con el fin de comprender mejor sus organizaciones espaciales y cómo fueron incrustadas en los paisajes de las poblaciones indígenas. Esto plantea la cuestión de cómo implementar dichos estudios en áreas afectadas durante años por el desarrollo urbano, que ha dificultado detectar restos arqueológicos utilizando métodos estándar de estudios peatonales. El presente estudio aboga por el uso de estudios geofísicos como parte del mix de estrategias de campo. Los arqueólogos emprendieron trabajo de campo en la Misión San Francisco Solano en Sonoma (California) para evaluar el potencial de emplear métodos de estudio geofísicos en contextos caracterizados por una reutilización post-misión extensiva. Los resultados indican que el radar de penetración terrestre y los estudios de resistividad son capaces de detectar restos arquitectónicos de misiones anteriores que pueden ser diferenciados de los restos del desarrollo urbano post-misión de finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX.

Les progrès récents en archéologie de mission défendent les études en dehors de l’église de la mission et du quadrilatère afin de mieux comprennent leur organisation spatiale et comment elle était intégrée dans les paysages des populations autochtones. Cela soulève la question de l'application de ces études dans les zones touchées pendant des années par le développement urbain, qui a rendu difficile la détection des vestiges archéologiques à l’aide de méthodes normalisées de sondages dans la rue. Cet article préconise l’utilisation d'un levé géophysique dans le cadre de la combinaison des stratégies de terrain. Les archéologues ont entrepris des travaux sur le terrain à la Mission San Francisco Solano, à Sonoma (Californie) pour évaluer la possibilité d’utilisation des méthodes de levés géophysiques dans des contextes caractérisés par une vaste réutilisation après la mission. Les résultats indiquent que les enquêtes de géoradar et les levés de résistivité sont capables de détecter des vestiges architecturaux de mission antérieurs, qui peuvent être différenciés des vestiges du développement urbain postérieur à la mission de la fin du 19e siècle et au début du 20e siècle.