California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE)

This white paper describes Volt/VAR Control and Optimization (VVOC), the various methods for achieving it, the devices used, and the current state of the art in light of the impact of increasing penetrations of renewable resources and electric vehicles in distribution systems as California strives to achieve 33% renewable penetration by 2020 in accordance with the state’s Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). This white paper is intended to provide information that will help target future solicitations for research toward applications that will help California better reach its renewable energy goals.