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The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Collaborators, GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer;
- Alvarez, Elysia M;
- Force, Lisa M;
- Xu, Rixing;
- Compton, Kelly;
- Lu, Dan;
- Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline;
- Kocarnik, Jonathan M;
- Harvey, James D;
- Pennini, Alyssa;
- Dean, Frances E;
- Fu, Weijia;
- Vargas, Martina T;
- Keegan, Theresa HM;
- Ariffin, Hany;
- Barr, Ronald D;
- Erdomaeva, Yana Arturovna;
- Gunasekera, D Sanjeeva;
- John-Akinola, Yetunde O;
- Ketterl, Tyler G;
- Kutluk, Tezer;
- Malogolowkin, Marcio Henrique;
- Mathur, Prashant;
- Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman;
- Ries, Lynn Ann Gloeckler;
- Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos;
- Sagoyan, Garik Barisovich;
- Sultan, Iyad;
- Abbasi, Behzad;
- Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen;
- Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab;
- Abbastabar, Hedayat;
- Abdelmasseh, Michael;
- Abd-Elsalam, Sherief;
- Abdoli, Amir;
- Abebe, Haimanot;
- Abedi, Aidin;
- Abidi, Hassan;
- Abolhassani, Hassan;
- Ali, Hiwa Abubaker;
- Abu-Gharbieh, Eman;
- Achappa, Basavaprabhu;
- Acuna, Juan Manuel;
- Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi;
- Adegboye, Oyelola A;
- Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah;
- Advani, Shailesh M;
- Afzal, Muhammad Sohail;
- Meybodi, Mohamad Aghaie;
- Ahadinezhad, Bahman;
- Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku;
- Ahmad, Sajjad;
- Ahmadi, Sepideh;
- Ahmed, Muktar Beshir;
- Rashid, Tarik Ahmed;
- Salih, Yusra Ahmed;
- Aiman, Wajeeha;
- Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse;
- Al Hamad, Hanadi;
- Alahdab, Fares;
- AlAmodi, Abdulhadi A;
- Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour;
- Alanzi, Turki M;
- Alem, Adugnaw Zeleke;
- Alem, Dejene Tsegaye;
- Alemayehu, Yosef;
- Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji;
- Alhassan, Robert Kaba;
- Ali, Saqib;
- Alicandro, Gianfranco;
- Alipour, Vahid;
- Aljunid, Syed Mohamed;
- Alkhayyat, Motasem;
- Alluri, Sunitha;
- Almasri, Nihad A;
- Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali;
- Almustanyir, Sami;
- Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M;
- Alvis-Guzman, Nelson;
- Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena;
- Amini, Saeed;
- Amu, Hubert;
- Ancuceanu, Robert;
- Andrei, Catalina Liliana;
- Andrei, Tudorel;
- Ansari, Fereshteh;
- Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza;
- Anvari, Davood;
- Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward;
- Arabloo, Jalal;
- Arab-Zozani, Morteza;
- Argaw, Ayele Mamo;
- Arshad, Muhammad;
- Arulappan, Judie;
- Aryannejad, Armin;
- Asemi, Zatollah;
- Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari;
- Atashzar, Mohammad Reza;
- Atorkey;
- Atreya, Alok;
- Attia, Sameh;
- Aujayeb, Avinash;
- Ausloos, Marcel;
- Avila-Burgos, Leticia;
- Awedew, Atalel Fentahun;
- Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala;
- Ayele, Alemu Degu;
- Ayen, Solomon Shitu;
- Azab, Mohammed A;
- Azadnajafabad, Sina;
- Azami, Hiva;
- Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza;
- Jafari, Amirhossein Azari;
- Azarian, Ghasem;
- Azzam, Ahmed Y;
- Bahadory, Saeed;
- Bai, Jianjun;
- Baig, Atif Amin;
- Baker, Jennifer L;
- Banach, Maciej;
- Bärnighausen, Till Winfried;
- Barone-Adesi, Francesco;
- Barra, Fabio;
- Barrow, Amadou;
- Basaleem, Huda;
- Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad;
- Behzadifar, Masoud;
- Bekele, Niguss Cherie;
- Belete, Rebuma;
- Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal;
- Bell, Arielle Wilder;
- Berhie, Alemshet Yirga;
- Bhagat, Devidas S;
- Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth;
- Bhardwaj, Nikha;
- Bhardwaj, Pankaj;
- Bhaskar, Sonu;
- Bhattacharyya, Krittika;
- Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S;
- Bibi, Sadia;
- Bijani, Ali;
- Biondi, Antonio;
- Birara, Setognal;
- Bjørge, Tone;
- Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi;
- Bolla, Srinivasa Rao;
- Boloor, Archith;
- Braithwaite, Dejana;
- Brenner, Hermann;
- Bulamu, Norma B;
- Burkart, Katrin;
- Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa;
- Butt, Nadeem Shafique;
- Butt, Zahid A;
- dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano;
- Cao, Chao;
- Cao, Yin;
- Carreras, Giulia;
- Catalá-López, Ferrán;
- Cembranel, Francieli;
- Cerin, Ester;
- Chakinala, Raja Chandra;
- Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo;
- Chattu, Vijay Kumar;
- Chaturvedi, Pankaj;
- Chaurasia, Akhilanand;
- Chavan, Prachi P;
- Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel;
- Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine;
- Christopher, Devasahayam J;
- Chu, Dinh-Toi;
- Chung, Michael T;
- Conde, Joao;
- Costa, Vera Marisa;
- Da'ar, Omar B;
- Dadras, Omid;
- Dahlawi, Saad MA;
- Dai, Xiaochen;
- Damiani, Giovanni;
- D'Amico, Emanuele;
- Dandona, Lalit;
- Dandona, Rakhi;
- Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz;
- Darwish, Amira Hamed;
- Daryani, Ahmad;
- De la Hoz, Fernando Pio;
- Debela, Sisay Abebe;
- Demie, Takele Gezahegn G;
- Demissie, Getu Debalkie;
- Demissie, Zeleke Geto;
- Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar;
- Molla, Meseret Derbew;
- Desai, Rupak;
- Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu;
- Dhamnetiya, Deepak;
- Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda;
- Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane;
- Dhimal, Meghnath;
- Dianatinasab, Mostafa;
- Didehdar, Mojtaba;
- Diress, Mengistie;
- Djalalinia, Shirin;
- Phuc, Huyen;
- Doaei, Saeid;
- Dorostkar, Fariba;
- dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque;
- Drake, Thomas M;
- Ekholuenetale, Michael;
- Sayed, Iman El;
- Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed;
- Tantawi, Maha El;
- El-Abid, Hassan;
- Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed;
- Elbarazi, Iffat;
- Elhabashy, Hala Rashad;
- Elhadi, Muhammed;
- El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I;
- Enyew, Daniel Berhanie;
- Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj;
- Eshrati, Babak;
- Eskandarieh, Sharareh;
- Faisaluddin, Mohammed;
- Fares, Jawad;
- Farooque, Umar;
- Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara;
- Fatima, Wafa;
- de Oliveira, José Miguel P Ferreira;
- Ferrero, Simone;
- Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro;
- Fetensa, Getahun;
- Filip, Irina;
- Fischer, Florian;
- Fisher, James L;
- Foroutan, Masoud;
- Fukumoto, Takeshi;
- Gaal, Peter Andras;
- Gad, Mohamed M;
- Gaewkhiew, Piyada;
- Gallus, Silvano;
- Garg, Tushar;
- Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru;
- Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete;
- Getachew, Tamiru;
- Ghafourifard, Mansour;
- Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi;
- Ghashghaee, Ahmad;
- Ghassemi, Fariba;
- Ghith, Nermin;
- Gholami, Ali;
- Navashenaq, Jamshid Gholizadeh;
- Gilani, Syed Amir;
- Ginindza, Themba G;
- Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat;
- Glasbey, James C;
- Goel, Amit;
- Golechha, Mahaveer;
- Goleij, Pouya;
- Golinelli, Davide;
- Gopalani, Sameer Vali;
- Gorini, Giuseppe;
- Goudarzi, Houman;
- Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia;
- Grada, Ayman;
- Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen;
- Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro;
- Guha, Avirup;
- Gupta, Bhawna;
- Gupta, Sapna;
- Gupta, Veer Bala;
- Gupta, Vivek Kumar;
- Haddadi, Rasool;
- Hafezi-Nejad, Nima;
- Hailu, Alemayehu;
- Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin;
- Halwani, Rabih;
- Hamadeh, Randah R;
- Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome;
- Hameed, Sajid;
- Hamidi, Samer;
- Haque, Shafiul;
- Hariri, Sanam;
- Haro, Josep Maria;
- Hasaballah, Ahmed I;
- Hasan, SM Mahmudul;
- Hashemi, Seyedeh Melika;
- Hassan, Treska S;
- Hassanipour, Soheil;
- Hay, Simon I;
- Hayat, Khezar;
- Hebo, H;
- Heidari, Golnaz;
- Heidari, Mohammad;
- Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana;
- Herteliu, Claudiu;
- Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba;
- Hezam, Kamal;
- Hole, Michael K;
- Holla, Ramesh;
- Horita, Nobuyuki;
- Hossain, Mahbub;
- Hossain, Mohammad Bellal;
- Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar;
- Hosseini, Mostafa;
- Hosseinzadeh, Ali;
- Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi;
- Hostiuc, Mihaela;
- Hostiuc, Sorin;
- Househ, Mowafa;
- Hsairi, Mohamed;
- Huang, Junjie;
- Hussein, Nawfal R;
- Hwang, Bing-Fang;
- Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel;
- Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen;
- Ilic, Irena M;
- Ilic, Milena D;
- Innos, Kaire;
- Irham, Lalu Muhammad;
- Islam, Rakibul M;
- Islam, Mohammed Shariful;
- Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah;
- Isola, Gaetano;
- Iwagami, Masao;
- Jacob, Louis;
- Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad;
- Jain, Vardhmaan;
- Jakovljevic, Mihajlo;
- Janghorban, Roksana;
- Mamaghani, Amirreza Javadi;
- Jayaram, Shubha;
- Jayawardena, Ranil;
- Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad;
- Jebai, Rime;
- Jha, Ravi Prakash;
- Joo, Tamas;
- Joseph, Nitin;
- Joukar, Farahnaz;
- Jürisson, Mikk;
- Kaambwa, Billingsley;
- Kabir, Ali;
- Kalankesh, Leila R;
- Kaliyadan, Feroze;
- Kamal, Zul;
- Kamath, Ashwin;
- Kandel, Himal;
- Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar;
- Karaye, Ibraheem M;
- Karimi, Amirali;
- Kassa, Bekalu Getnet;
- Kauppila, Joonas H;
- Bohan, Phillip M Kemp;
- Kengne, Andre Pascal;
- Kerbo, Amene Abebe;
- Keykhaei, Mohammad;
- Khader, Yousef Saleh;
- Khajuria, Himanshu;
- Khalili, Nastaran;
- Khalili, Neda;
- Khan, Ejaz Ahmad;
- Khan, Gulfaraz;
- Khan, Maseer;
- Khan, Nuruzzaman;
- Khan, Moien AB;
- Khanali, Javad;
- Khayamzadeh, Maryam;
- Khosravizadeh, Omid;
- Khubchandani, Jagdish;
- Khundkar, Roba;
- Kim, Min Seo;
- Kim, Yun Jin;
- Kisa, Adnan;
- Kisa, Sezer;
- Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna;
- Kolahi, Ali-Asghar;
- Kopec, Jacek A;
- Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran;
- Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane;
- Koyanagi, Ai;
- Kugbey, Nuworza;
- Kumar, G Anil;
- Kumar, Nithin;
- Kwarteng, Alexander;
- La Vecchia, Carlo;
- Lan, Qing;
- Landires, Iván;
- Lasrado, Savita;
- Lauriola, Paolo;
- Ledda, Caterina;
- Lee, Sang-woong;
- Lee, Wei-Chen;
- Lee, Yeong Yeh;
- Lee, Yo Han;
- Leigh, James;
- Leong, Elvynna;
- Li, Bingyu;
- Li, Jiarui;
- Li, Ming-Chieh;
- Lim, Stephen S;
- Liu, Xuefeng;
- Lobo, Stany W;
- Loureiro, Joana A;
- Lugo, Alessandra;
- Lunevicius, Raimundas;
- Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El;
- Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El;
- Mahmoudi, Morteza;
- Majeed, Azeem;
- Makki, Alaa;
- Male, Shilpa;
- Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza;
- Malekzadeh, Reza;
- Malik, Ahmad Azam;
- Mamun, Mohammed A;
- Manafi, Navid;
- Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz;
- Mansouri, Borhan;
- Mansournia, Mohammad Ali;
- Martini, Santi;
- Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra;
- Matei, Clara N;
- Mathur, Manu Raj;
- McAlinden, Colm;
- Mehrotra, Ravi;
- Mendoza, Walter;
- Menezes, Ritesh G;
- Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A;
- Meretoja, Tuomo J;
- Mersha, Amanual Getnet;
- Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal;
- Mestrovic, Tomislav;
- Jonasson, Junmei Miao;
- Miazgowski, Bartosz;
- Michalek, Irmina Maria;
- Miller, Ted R;
- Mingude, Alemu Basazin;
- Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq;
- Mirzaei, Hamed;
- Misra, Sanjeev;
- Mithra, Prasanna;
- Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin;
- Mohammadi, Mokhtar;
- Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh;
- Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah;
- Mohammadpourhodki, Reza;
- Mohammed, Arif;
- Mohammed, Shafiu;
- Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman;
- Moka, Nagabhishek;
- Mokdad, Ali H;
- Molokhia, Mariam;
- Momtazmanesh, Sara;
- Monasta, Lorenzo;
- Moni, Mohammad Ali;
- Moradi, Ghobad;
- Moradi, Yousef;
- Moradzadeh, Maliheh;
- Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah;
- Moraga, Paula;
- Morrison, Shane Douglas;
- Mostafavi, Ebrahim;
- Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi;
- Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine;
- Mubarik, Sumaira;
- Mwanri, Lillian;
- Nabhan, Ashraf F;
- Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad;
- Nagata, Chie;
- Naghavi, Mohsen;
- Naimzada, Mukhammad David;
- Naldi, Luigi;
- Nangia, Vinay;
- Naqvi, Atta Abbas;
- Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha;
- Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod;
- Nayak, Biswa Prakash;
- Nayak, Vinod C;
- Nazari, Javad;
- Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye;
- Negoi, Ionut;
- Negru, Serban Mircea;
- Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria;
- Nepal, Samata;
- Kandel, Sandhya Neupane;
- Nggada, Haruna Asura;
- Nguyen, Cuong Tat;
- Nnaji, Chukwudi A;
- Nosrati, Hamed;
- Nouraei, Hasti;
- Nowroozi, Ali;
- Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia;
- Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka;
- Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe;
- Oancea, Bogdan;
- Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade;
- Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru;
- Oh, In-Hwan;
- Olagunju, Andrew T;
- Olagunju, Tinuke O;
- Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun;
- Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike;
- Omar, Emad;
- Bali, Ahmed Omar;
- Ong, Sokking;
- Onwujekwe, Obinna E;
- Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V;
- Otstavnov, Nikita;
- Otstavnov, Stanislav S;
- Oumer, Bilcha;
- Owolabi, Mayowa O;
- Mahesh, PA;
- Padron-Monedero, Alicia;
- Padubidri, Jagadish Rao;
- Pakshir, Keyvan;
- Pana, Adrian;
- Pandey, Anamika;
- Pardhan, Shahina;
- Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh;
- Pasovic, Maja;
- Patel, Jenil R;
- Pati, Siddhartha;
- Pattanshetty, Sanjay M;
- Paudel, Uttam;
- Pereira, Renato B;
- Peres, Mario FP;
- Perianayagam, Arokiasamy;
- Postma, Maarten J;
- Pourjafar, Hadi;
- Pourshams, Akram;
- Prashant, Akila;
- Pulakunta, Thejodhar;
- Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd Fahd;
- Rabiee, Mohammad;
- Rabiee, Navid;
- Radfar, Amir;
- Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal;
- Rafiee, Ata;
- Rafiei, Alireza;
- Rafiei, Sima;
- Rahim, Fakher;
- Rahimzadeh, Shadi;
- Rahman, Mosiur;
- Rahman, Muhammad Aziz;
- Rahmani, Amir Masoud;
- Rajesh, Aashish;
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- Ranabhat, Kamal;
- Ranasinghe, Priyanga;
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- Rashidi, Mahsa;
- Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi;
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- Rawaf, Salman;
- Rawal, Lal;
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- Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh;
- Regasa, Misganu Teshoma;
- Renzaho, Andre MN;
- Rezaei, Maryam;
- Rezaei, Negar;
- Rezaei, Nima;
- Rezaeian, Mohsen;
- Rezapour, Aziz;
- Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba;
- Riad, Abanoub;
- Lopez, Ligia Estefania Rios;
- Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia;
- Ronfani, Luca;
- Roshandel, Gholamreza;
- Rwegerera, Godfrey M;
- Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed;
- Sabour, Siamak;
- Saddik, Basema;
- Sadeghi, Erfan;
- Sadeghian, Saeid;
- Saeed, Umar;
- Sahebkar, Amirhossein;
- Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM;
- Sajadi, S Mohammad;
- Salahi, Sarvenaz;
- Salehi, Sana;
- Salem, Marwa Rashad;
- Salimzadeh, Hamideh;
- Samy, Abdallah M;
- Sanabria, Juan;
- Sanmarchi, Francesco;
- Sarveazad, Arash;
- Sathian, Brijesh;
- Sawhney, Monika;
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- Seidu, Abdul-Aziz;
- Šekerija, Mario;
- Sendo, Endalew Gemechu;
- Sepanlou, Sadaf G;
- Seylani, Allen;
- Seyoum, Kenbon;
- Sha, Feng;
- Shafaat, Omid;
- Shaikh, Masood Ali;
- Shamsoddin, Erfan;
- Shannawaz, Mohammed;
- Sharma, Rajesh;
- Sheikhbahaei, Sara;
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- Shetty, B Suresh Kumar;
- Shetty, Pavanchand H;
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- Sidemo, Negussie Boti;
- Silva, Diego Augusto Santos;
- Julian, Guilherme Silva;
- Singh, Achintya Dinesh;
- Singh, Jasvinder A;
- Singh, Jitendra Kumar;
- Singh, Surjit;
- Sinke, Abiy H;
- Sintayehu, Yitagesu;
- Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich;
- Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna;
- Smith, Lee;
- Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad;
- Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh;
- Song, Suhang;
- Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth;
- Steiropoulos, Paschalis;
- Straif, Kurt;
- Subedi, Ranjeeta;
- Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale;
- Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi;
- Sultana, Saima;
- Szerencsés, Viktória;
- Szócska, Miklós;
- Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha;
- Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael;
- Tabary, Mohammadreza;
- Tabuchi, Takahiro;
- Tadbiri, Hooman;
- Taheri, Majid;
- Taherkhani, Amir;
- Takahashi, Ken;
- Tampa, Mircea;
- Tan, Ker-Kan;
- Tat, Vivian Y;
- Tavakoli, Ahmad;
- Tbakhi, Abdelghani;
- Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash;
- Temsah, Mohamad-Hani;
- Tesfay, Fisaha Haile;
- Tesfaye, Bekele;
- Thakur, Jarnail Singh;
- Thapar, Rekha;
- Thavamani, Aravind;
- Thiyagarajan, Arulmani;
- Thomas, Nihal;
- Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan;
- Togtmol, Munkhsaikhan;
- Tohidast, Seyed Abolfazl;
- Tohidinik, Hamid Reza;
- Tolani, Musliu Adetola;
- Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse;
- Touvier, Mathilde;
- Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto;
- Traini, Eugenio;
- Tran, Bach Xuan;
- Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc;
- Tripathy, Jaya Prasad;
- Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno;
- Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha;
- Ullah, Irfan;
- Ullah, Saif;
- Umapathi, Krishna Kishore;
- Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran;
- Upadhyay, Era;
- Ushula, Tolassa Wakayo;
- Vacante, Marco;
- Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan;
- Varthya, Shoban Babu;
- Veroux, Massimiliano;
- Villeneuve, Paul J;
- Violante, Francesco S;
- Vlassov, Vasily;
- Vu, Giang Thu;
- Waheed, Yasir;
- Wang, Ning;
- Ward, Paul;
- Weldesenbet, Adisu Birhanu;
- Wen, Yi Feng;
- Westerman, Ronny;
- Winkler, Andrea Sylvia;
- Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse;
- Xu, Suowen;
- Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh;
- Yang, Lin;
- Yaya, Sanni;
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid;
- Yazie, Taklo Simeneh;
- Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad;
- Yeshaneh, Alex;
- Yeshaw, Yigizie;
- Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale;
- Yonemoto, Naohiro;
- Younis, Mustafa Z;
- Yousefi, Zabihollah;
- Yu, Chuanhua;
- Yunusa, Ismaeel;
- Zadnik, Vesna;
- Zahir, Mazyar;
- Moghadam, Telma Zahirian;
- Zamani, Mohammad;
- Zamanian, Maryam;
- Zandian, Hamed;
- Zare, Fariba;
- Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich;
- Zastrozhina, Anasthasia;
- Zhang, Jianrong;
- Zhang, Zhi-Jiang;
- Ziapour, Arash;
- Zoladl, Mohammad;
- Murray, Christopher JL;
- Fitzmaurice, Christina;
- Bleyer, Archie;
- Bhakta, Nickhill
- et al.
Published Web Location
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00581-7Abstract
Background
In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults.Methods
Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults.Findings
There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11-1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5-65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8-57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9-15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6-14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9-25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9-3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4-98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally.Interpretation
Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts.Funding
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.Many UC-authored scholarly publications are freely available on this site because of the UC's open access policies. Let us know how this access is important for you.
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