UC San Diego

Purpose of ReviewThis article discusses the diagnostic evaluation and management of reversible dementia syndromes. It highlights clinical syndromes and explores the recent literature implicating certain reversible factors in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis.Recent FindingsThe prevalence of fully reversible dementia is low, but there is growing awareness for potentially reversible contributors to neurodegenerative disease. In particular, exposure to anticholinergic medications, obstructive sleep apnea, and depression have emerged as potentially modifiable targets in the pathogenesis of preclinical and early Alzheimer’s disease. Treatment of these factors may not only reverse any direct cognitive effects but also prevent downstream neurodegeneration.SummaryThere is substantial opportunity to improve outcome in patients with dementia due to reversible etiologies. Even in the setting of primary neurodegenerative disease, conscientious effort is required to recognize and address reversible contributors.