UC Davis

Objective

This study determined the extent to which schools adhered to select nutrition and wellness provisions of the 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act and examined differences by US region and school poverty level.

Design

Comparison of cross-sectional observational data from the Healthy Communities Study (2013-2015) by region and school poverty level.

Participants

A total of 401 US elementary and middle schools.

Main outcome measures

Adherence with federal nutrition standards for meals and competitive foods; extent of implementation of select aspects of school wellness policies.

Analysis

Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression were used. Differences were examined by school poverty level and region, adjusting for other school- and community-level covariates.

Results

Most schools reported meeting reimbursable school meal nutrition standards (74%); more schools in the West met nutrition standards (82%) than in the Midwest (64%). Most grains offered at lunch were whole grain-rich (82%), and most competitive foods complied with standards (78%) before they were required. Most schools had a wellness coordinator (80%). Lowest levels of adherence were reported for guidelines for classroom or school event foods. No differences were observed by school poverty level.

Conclusions and implications

Findings suggest that Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act provisions were feasible across a wide variety of schools, and schools successfully implemented reimbursable school meal nutrition standards regardless of school poverty level.