UC Merced

The present study introduced an integrated theoretical model linking constructs from achievement goal theory (AGT) and self-determination theory (SDT) with behavioral outcomes in physical activity, sport, and performance contexts. In the model, autonomous and controlled forms of motivation from SDT were proposed as mediators of associations between achievement goal orientations from AGT and behavioral outcomes. Model predictions were tested using meta-analytically synthesized data from available studies in the extant research literature. In addition, model effects were expected to vary according to salient methodological and contextual conditions tested in a series of moderator analyses of the meta-analytic model tests. A systematic literature search identified eligible studies reporting associations among AGT, SDT constructs, and behavioral outcomes (k = 66). The proposed model was fit to the meta-analytically pooled matrix of correlations among model constructs and behavioral outcomes using meta-analytic structural equation modeling. The model was fit separately to groups of studies at each level of key moderators: evidence of validity or reliability, or both, of study measures, sample type (athlete vs. non-athlete), and physical activity level (competitive vs. recreational). Sex distribution, age, sample type, and study quality were included as covariates in the model. Conceptually-consistent direct effects of achievement goal orientations on autonomous forms of motivation, and indirect effects of mastery goal orientations on behavioral outcomes mediated by autonomous forms of motivation, were observed. Moderator analyses indicated larger model effects in studies reporting scale validity or reliability evidence, larger effects of performance goal orientations on autonomous motivation, and of mastery goal orientations on controlled motivation, in athlete samples, and larger direct effects of performance goals on autonomous motivation in samples engaged in structured or competitive activities. The current analysis supports the integrated model in physical activity, sport, and performance contexts, providing evidence corroborating the shared conceptual bases of AGT and SDT and implicates autonomous forms of motivation as a candidate mediator of associations between mastery goal orientations and behavioral outcomes. Findings add to an evidence base supporting congruence across two key motivational theories and provide evidence of the process by which constructs from each relate to behavioral outcomes.