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Fragile X Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Occurrence of Dual Diagnosis in a Set of Triplets
Published Web Location
https://doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000001204Abstract
Background
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and fetal alcohol syndrome disorders are both common causes of intellectual disability in children. When both conditions are present in the same individual, the resultant phenotype may make identification of clinical issues and management challenging.Case presentation
In this case report, we present a case of triplets who had significant in utero alcohol exposure; 2 of whom also have FXS and the other not having the fragile X mutation. The siblings with FXS have subtle differences in the physical phenotype compared with the other one, who has prominent features of partial fetal alcohol syndrome instead. However, all 3 siblings have intellectual impairment (although this is more severe in the 2 with FXS), meet diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder, and present with severe behavioral challenges. The clinical presentation of the 2 siblings with FXS is much more severe as compared to a child with FXS alone, and this is likely due to the additive effect of in utero alcohol exposure and environmental factors. We discuss the combination of these 2 pathologies and how this can affect the overall clinical presentation.Conclusion
In the management of children with FXS, evaluation for other risk factors that can have neurobehavioral sequelae is important, and these can affect clinical presentation and prognosis.Many UC-authored scholarly publications are freely available on this site because of the UC's open access policies. Let us know how this access is important for you.
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