UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal

This article starts by overviewing China’s implementation and enforcement framework for the Montreal Protocol. It then examines the incident of the unexpected CFC-11 emissions, including the discovery of illegal production, the ensuing debate at the Montreal Protocol, and China’s domestic and international responses. The next section traces subsequent reforms at the Montreal Protocol and China’s involvement in emerging unexpected emissions. The concluding section evaluates China’s efforts in enforcement capacity building and ongoing challenges it faces.