UC Berkeley

The state of the art for high-temperature batteries is presented and discussed. Emphasis is given to the lithium alloy/metal sulfide and sodium/sulfur cells. Other systems considered include lithium/chlorine and sodium/metal halide. Cell chemistry and performance and life-limiting factors are reviewed for all of the systems and the status of investigations in critical problem areas is given. Recent advances in the demonstration of high specific energy and expectations for future improvement are presented.