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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (26 results)

  • Article
  • Peer Reviewed
UC Irvine Previously Published Works (1984)

The conditioned tactile placing of the forelimbs was abolished contralaterally after unilateral neodecortication or ipsilaterally after hemisection of spinal cord at high cervical level in cats. However, the conditioned response can be regained with training. The results suggest that training activates additional pathways for the conditioned response.

    Cover page: Conditioned tactile placing in cats with unilateral neodecortication or spinal cord hemisection.
    • Article
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (2009)
      Cover page: Carbon contamination of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask and its effect on imaging
      • Thesis
      • Peer Reviewed
      UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations (2023)

      This study aims at using Road-side Unit (RSU)-assisted Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) systems to support nowadays compute-intensive and delay-sensitive vehicular applications. Vehicles can offload these applications to the VEC server at the RSU to ease the burden on their limited onboard computing resources. Although VEC servers usually have higher computing capacity than vehicles, their computing resource, as well as the RSU's communication and energy resources, are not unlimited due to deployment constraints and operating costs. Our goal is to find the optimal resource allocation strategies for the RSU-assisted VEC systems to enable low-latency compute-intensive vehicular applications for vehicles.

      In the first part of the study, we consider Solar-powered RSU-assisted VEC systems, where the RSUs are solely powered by solar energy. Firstly, we aim to minimize service disruption of the offloaded vehicular applications under the intermittent solar power supply. We propose a two-phase approach that jointly optimizes solar energy usage and storage, user association, and RSU’s computing and communication resource allocation for the involved RSUs and vehicles in the VEC system. Secondly, we further reduce the application’s execution delay by a framework that uses computing resources from both the VEC server and the vehicle's local computing (VLC) unit for application execution through task partitioning and offloading. Furthermore, the framework is able to adjust the VEC server’s platform configuration and balance between the vehicular application’s execution delay and its application-level performance, according to the available computing, communication, and solar energy resources of the Solar-powered RSU.

      In the second part of the study, we focus on using the RSU-assisted VEC system to support an emerging advanced vehicular application, the multi-vehicle perception fusion. It is challenging to effectively allocate RSU’s computing and communication resources to support the multi-vehicle perception fusion application due to its complex and uncertain task composition natures. To minimize the end-to-end delay of the above application, we present a real-time mechanism that jointly determines the optimal RSU's computing and communication resource allocation, as well as task partitioning and scheduling strategies, which are adaptive to the dynamic task composition of the application.

        Cover page: Enabling Delay-Sensitive Modern Vehicular Applications by Using Resource Limited Vehicular Edge Computing Systems
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2023)
        Newton's third law, action = reaction, is a foundational statement of classical mechanics. However, in natural and living systems, this law appears to be routinely violated for constituents interacting in a nonequilibrium environment. Here, we use computer simulations to explore the macroscopic phase behavior implications of breaking microscopic interaction reciprocity for a simple model system. We consider a binary mixture of attractive particles and introduce a parameter that is a continuous measure of the degree to which interaction reciprocity is broken. In the reciprocal limit, the species are indistinguishable, and the system phase separates into domains with distinct densities and identical compositions. Increasing nonreciprocity is found to drive the system to explore a rich assortment of phases, including phases with strong composition asymmetries and three-phase coexistence. Many of the states induced by these forces, including traveling crystals and liquids, have no equilibrium analogs. By mapping the complete phase diagram for this model system and characterizing these unique phases, our findings offer a concrete path forward toward understanding how nonreciprocity shapes the structures found in living systems and how this might be leveraged in the design of synthetic materials.
          Cover page: Phase coexistence implications of violating Newton’s third law
          • Multimedia
          • Peer Reviewed
          UC Irvine Previously Published Works (2013)
          This study investigated whether animals sustaining experimental damage to the basal forebrain cholinergic system would benefit from treatment with exogenous neurotrophic factors. Specifically, we set out to determine whether neurotrophic factors would rescue damaged cholinergic neurons and improve behavioral performance on a spatial learning and memory task. Adult rats received bilateral injections of either saline (controls) or 192 IgG-saporin to damage basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs). Two weeks later, animals received implants of an Alzet mini-pump connected to cannulae implanted bilaterally in the lateral ventricles. Animals received infusions of nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3), a combination of NGF and NT3, or a saline control over a 4-week period. Compared to saline-treated controls, animals sustaining saporin-induced damage to BFCNs took significantly more trials to learn a delayed match to position task and also performed more poorly on subsequent tests, with increasing delays between test runs. In contrast, animals infused with neurotrophins after saporin treatment performed significantly better than animals receiving saline infusions; no differences were detected for performance scores among animals infused with NGF, NT3, or a combination of NGF and NT3. Studies of ChAT immunnocytochemical labeling of BFCNs revealed a reduction in the numbers of ChAT-positive neurons in septum, nucleus of diagonal band, and nucleus basalis in animals treated with saporin followed by saline infusions, whereas animals treated with infusions of NGF, NT3 or a combination of NGF and NT3 showed only modest reductions in ChAT-positive neurons. Together, these data support the notion that administration of neurotrophic factors can rescue basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and improve learning and memory performance in rats.
          • 1 supplemental PDF
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          UCLA Previously Published Works (2019)
          We hypothesized that blood lactate concentration([Lac]blood) is a function of cardiopulmonary variables, exercise intensity and some anthropometric elements during aerobic exercise. This investigation aimed to establish a mathematical model to estimate [Lac]blood noninvasively during constant work rate (CWR) exercise of various intensities. 31 healthy participants were recruited and each underwent 4 cardiopulmonary exercise tests: one incremental and three CWR tests (low: 35% of peak work rate for 15 min, moderate: 60% 10 min and high: 90% 4 min). At the end of each CWR test, venous blood was sampled to determine [Lac]blood. 31 trios of CWR tests were employed to construct the mathematical model, which utilized exponential regression combined with Taylor expansion. Good fitting was achieved when the conditions of low and moderate intensity were put in one model; high-intensity in another. Standard deviation of fitting error in the former condition is 0.52; in the latter is 1.82 mmol/liter. Weighting analysis demonstrated that, besides heart rate, respiratory variables are required in the estimation of [Lac]blood in the model of low/moderate intensity. In conclusion, by measuring noninvasive cardio-respiratory parameters, [Lac]blood during CWR exercise can be determined with good accuracy. This should have application in endurance training and future exercise industry.
            Cover page: Noninvasive prediction of Blood Lactate through a machine learning-based approach
            • Article
            • Peer Reviewed
            UC San Diego Previously Published Works (2018)
            Type IIA topoisomerases (Top2s) manipulate the handedness of DNA crossovers by introducing a transient and protein-linked double-strand break in one DNA duplex, termed the DNA-gate, whose opening allows another DNA segment to be transported through to change the DNA topology. Despite the central importance of this gate-opening event to Top2 function, the DNA-gate in all reported structures of Top2-DNA complexes is in the closed state. Here we present the crystal structure of a human Top2 DNA-gate in an open conformation, which not only reveals structural characteristics of its DNA-conducting path, but also uncovers unexpected yet functionally significant conformational changes associated with gate-opening. This structure further implicates Top2's preference for a left-handed DNA braid and allows the construction of a model representing the initial entry of another DNA duplex into the DNA-gate. Steered molecular dynamics calculations suggests the Top2-catalyzed DNA passage may be achieved by a rocker-switch-type movement of the DNA-gate.
              Cover page: Structural insights into the gating of DNA passage by the topoisomerase II DNA-gate
              • Article
              • Peer Reviewed
              UC Berkeley Previously Published Works (2015)
              GATA transcription factors play critical roles in cellular differentiation and development. However, their roles in mature tissues are less understood. In C. elegans larvae, the transcription factor ELT-2 regulates terminal differentiation of the intestine. It is also expressed in the adult intestine, where it was suggested to maintain intestinal structure and function, and where it was additionally shown to contribute to infection resistance. To study the function of elt-2 in adults we characterized elt-2-dependent gene expression following its knock-down specifically in adults. Microarray analysis identified two ELT-2-regulated gene subsets: one, enriched for hydrolytic enzymes, pointed at regulation of constitutive digestive functions as a dominant role of adult elt-2; the second was enriched for immune genes that are induced in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Focusing on the latter, we used genetic analyses coupled to survival assays and quantitative RT-PCR to interrogate the mechanism(s) through which elt-2 contributes to immunity. We show that elt-2 controls p38-dependent gene induction, cooperating with two p38-activated transcription factors, ATF-7 and SKN-1. This demonstrates a mechanism through which the constitutively nuclear elt-2 can impact induced responses, and play a dominant role in C. elegans immunity.
                Cover page: The Developmental Intestinal Regulator ELT-2 Controls p38-Dependent Immune Responses in Adult C. elegans
                • Article
                • Peer Reviewed
                UC Merced Previously Published Works (2016)
                The inflammasome adaptor protein, ASC, contributes to both innate immune responses and inflammatory diseases via self-oligomerization, which leads to the activation of the protease, caspase-1. Here, we report that the cytosolic tyrosine kinases, FAK and Pyk2, are differentially involved in NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation. The inhibition of FAK and Pyk2 with RNA interference or chemical inhibitors dramatically abolished ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β secretion in response to NLRP3 or AIM2 stimulation. Pyk2 is phosphorylated by the kinase Syk and relocalizes to the ASC specks upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Pyk2, but not FAK, could directly phosphorylate ASC at Tyr146, and only the phosphorylated ASC could participate in speck formation and trigger IL-1β secretion. Moreover, the clinical-trial-tested Pyk2/FAK dual inhibitor PF-562271 reduced monosodium urate-mediated peritonitis, a disease model used for studying the consequences of NLRP3 activation. Our results suggest that although Pyk2 and FAK are involved in inflammasome activation, only Pyk2 directly phosphorylates ASC and brings ASC into an oligomerization-competent state by allowing Tyr146 phosphorylation to participate ASC speck formation and subsequent NLRP3 inflammation.
                  Cover page: Pyk2 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by directly phosphorylating ASC and contributes to inflammasome-dependent peritonitis
                  • Article
                  LBL Publications (2010)
                    Cover page: Cross-sectional film characterization of exposure-induced carbon contamination on patterned EUV masks
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