UCSF

Key PointsThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic structure that is constantly remodelled to control tissue homeostasis.The ECM in mammals is composed of around 300 proteins, known as the core matrisome.Metalloproteinases are the main endopeptidases responsible for ECM degradation. These enzymes can also generate ECM fragments with different bioactive properties than their full-length proteins. These matrikines regulate many processes such as migration, adhesion and differentiation.ECM remodelling is important during organogenesis and development of the intestine, mammary and salivary glands and lung.Dysregulation of the ECM composition and structure and mutations in genes that affect ECM remodeling can lead to several severe human conditions, including fibrosis and cancer.ECM components and the proteins that regulate ECM remodelling represent promising therapeutic targets. Additional preclinical and clinical studies are required to fully understand the role of the ECM in human disease.