UC Merced

This dissertation focuses on the creation of a Virtual Reality (VR) model of the ancient Maya cave site of Las Cuevas, Belize. The theoretical framework for this dissertation is one of digital phenomenology, in which digital methodologies are used to support phenomenological archaeology approaches. A brief history of phenomenological archaeological is provided as well as critiques of the approaches. However, it’s importance to this dissertation project is emphasized. Archaeological data is well suited to 3D representation especially when incorporated in a VR environment. It is further enhanced by the addition of sound to the VR environment. Data for the environment is provided by simultaneous location and modeling (SLAM)-based Lidar data that was collected at the site using an Emesent Hovermap over the course of several days during the 2022 field season. To complement the 3D environment of the cave, sounds were also recorded within the cave as well using handheld recorders. The result was a detailed mesh model of the entrance chamber of Las Cuevas along with environmental features such as water and bats. This was turned into a VR experience that could be explored using an HTC VIVE headset and controller. After the creation of the experience, it was utilized in an experiment with two participant groups. One group experienced the VR environment with sound, while the other without. Surveys were conducted of participants and user movement in the environment was tracked. Results were inconclusive, but promising and showed that sound created a more engaging and immersive experience.