California Journal of Politics and Policy

Hawai‘i’s FY 2025 budget reflected the state’s efforts to balance recovery from the August 2023 Maui wildfires with ongoing challenges such as housing affordability, economic diversification, and climate resilience. The biennial budget initially authorized $44 billion in spending for FY 2024 and FY 2025, but it was revised to include approximately $600 million for wildfire recovery and over $500 million in hazard pay for public employees. Governor Josh Green’s administration prioritized housing development, tax cuts, and long-term recovery efforts while addressing the immediate demands of the devastating wildfires. The budget process highlighted the state’s reliance on tourism for revenue, raising serious concerns about the long-term sustainability of Hawai‘i’s primary industry. Lawmakers successfully maintained core services and passed historic tax cuts, but some remain concerned that the state’s high levels of spending are unsustainable given recent economic forecasts. This article explores the legislative and political negotiations that shaped Hawai‘i’s FY 2025 budget. It examines how lawmakers sought to manage short-term disaster recovery while making progress on the state’s long-term goals of promoting economic diversity and lowering the exorbitant cost of living in the islands.