Parks Stewardship Forum

This paper examines the structural, political, and ecological challenges undermining effective ocean conservation in the United States, from fragmented governance and underfunding to policy instability and weakened scientific capacity. Drawing on global science and domestic experience, it outlines a framework for strengthening place-based protections through improved coordination, accountability, climate resilience, and community and Tribal co-stewardship. It argues that durable, science-based, and inclusive approaches are essential to sustain ocean ecosystems and the communities that depend on them.