California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology

This purpose of this research would be accomplished by documenting best practices in systems engineering for ITS projects and evaluate the benefit of the recommendedSystems Engineering processes for ITS to other system development processes within the department. During the course of the TO 11 Evaluation project, the project teamconducted extensive communication and coordination with significant stakeholders at all levels, including thirteen Divisions, three Districts, key offices, and individual experts.Over 100 key project development documents were reviewed as well. Findings from the project were presented during followup meetings (including Caltrans Executive Management). The result was the “Systems Engineering Evaluation for ITS Projects” report released June 2006.

Many types of sensors are used in managing transportation systems. These sensors supply criticalinformation used by transportation managers for a variety of purposes such as real-time responseto changes in travel and traffic conditions, or planning for improvements to the transportationsystem. In the absence of well developed methodologies to plan the deployment of these sensors,the processes that are used in selection of their location do not always follow a set of criteria thatoptimize their usefulness. Development of location selection guidelines will assist transportationmanagers in making the most efficient use of these sensors. This is particularly true in ruralareas, given the unique challenges related to topography and remoteness. This report provides anoverview of some of the issues and concerns encountered in locating sensors in rural areas thatare used for assessment of travel conditions, incident detection, incident verification andcollection of planning data. The sensors discussed include road weather information system(RWIS) stations, closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras and inductive loop detectors.Dynamic message signs (DMSs) are also examined as they are commonly co-located with otherdevices.

CCIT Task Order (TO) 10 was awarded primarily to allow the CCIT staff to enhance the operation and upgrade the functionalities of the Berkeley Highway Lab (BHL) during Fiscal Year 2004-2005 (FY 04-05). BHL is a 2.7-mile freeway testbed on Interstate 80 in Berkeley and Emeryville. It features, among other equipment, 168 loop detectors and 8 bird eye’s view video cameras. Applications of BHL include micro- traffic studies, simulation calibration and validation, and field-testing of detection equipment and other hardware. Because of the amount of information available, it is also a good site for any type of ITS or traffic management pilot project.

This report presents the findings of a study of commercial motor vehicle inspection and screening station practices with a focus on the use of various technologies to help address problems related to safety, security, roadway infrastructure, and air quality. A review of industry literature identified the various types of inspection and screening practices that have been and are being implemented including weight and size management, on-board equipment checking, driver-related violations and cargo monitoring, credential checking, and exhaust emissions monitoring. The review also identified technologies that have been employed as part of these practices as well as an assessment of their performance. The research also involved the use of a survey of State and Provincial Departments of Transportation in North America that have implemented specific practices. Survey findings indicate that to a certain degree a more integrated and multi-practice approach is being taken; a wide array of technologies is in use; and, technology evaluations show they have generally performed well.

This paper extends previous research on Computer Integrated Transportation (CIT) to commercial vehicle operations (CVO), specifically to examine how government can work with trucking companies within a CIT framework. The research entailed a review of how government currently interacts with trucking companies, interviews with trucking terminal managers, and case-studies on terminal operations at five of the nation's largest motor carriers. Opportunities are identified in the area of unifying interaction between government and industry and in the area of in- vehicle devices for automated record keeping.

This paper reports on the first phase of the location technology evaluation for probe vehicles. Two technologies were evaluated, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and the cellular phone tracking technology developed by US Wireless. Although GPS has shown great potential for vehicle probes, much of the previous research is theoretical in nature. Very little work has been done in the areas of experimental research, implementation or deployment. Most of the field tests were anecdotal; a systematic approach is highly desired to develop a vehicle probe system that is reliable and efficient for traffic management. If GPS is widely deployed in cellular phones, as GTE in 1998 predicted would happen, GPS technology will become even more attractive and realistic for vehicle probe activities. A custom software package was developed as part of this project in order to conduct the technology evaluation. The software, the Travel Information Probe System (TIPS) maps positions of probes of arbitrary accuracy to an embedded Geographical Information System (GIS) in order to determine the path the probe took. Once the path has been determined, the software calculates the travel time for each road segment traversed. The preliminary analysis of two Bay Area counties showed that accurate location technologies are capable of producing travel time information for nearly all roads. A technology with 20-meter accuracy can produce data for 99.2% of road segments and 98.9% of the freeway segments in the two counties studied.

This report discusses the development of system architecture for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems. In the course of the development of system architecture, it is critical to take a system engineering approach in the development of BRT architecture to assess BRT service needs (or features), the functional realization of these service needs and the means of technological implementation. Motivated by the National ITS architecture, the BRT architecture has a hierarchy of three layers: application, physical, and logical. The application layer consists of the BRT service needs or features. For the physical layer, we first discuss a functional analysis that begins with the identification of system operational features, followed by an identification of the functions that are needed to achieve these operational features. We create a physical architecture modeled around each of the BRT features. In the final step, the logical architecture is traced or mapped from the physical architecture in such a way that the physical layer will implement the processes identified in the logical architecture and assign them to subsystems, and the data flows that originate from one subsystem and end at another are grouped together into architecture flows.

This report addresses some of the important longitudinal vehicle modeling and control issues of Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS) such as brake dynamic model development and validation, decentralized longitudinal control algorithms which guarantee the stability of the entire platoon and fault detection and isolation in the longitudinal vehicle dynamics of controlled vehicles.