Are all Framing Effects Created Equal? Relationships between Risky ChoiceFraming, Metaphor Framing, and Language
Abstract
Behavior in classic framing tasks is unrelated to other cognitive bias measures, but little is known about the relation-ship among different types of framing effects. Across two experiments, participants in the US and India completed aclassic risky choice framing task, a metaphor framing task, and measures of cognitive style, linguistic proficiency, andmetaphor usage. We found no relationship between performance on the framing tasks for either sample, suggesting theytap into different underlying processes. Interestingly, language proficiency predicted risky choice framing behavior innative speakers and metaphor framing in non-native speakers. While there was a positive relationship between metaphorusage and metaphor framing for US participants, the sample from India showed a negative relationship, suggesting thatcurrent measures of metaphor usage may assess different behaviors for native versus non-native speakers. Overall, theresults suggest a heterogenous account of the mechanisms underlying framing effects even as they highlight the importantrole of language.